| week of |
Tuesday |
Thursday |
| Mar.01 |
atomic theory: Democritus, Davy, Dalton ... prezi (mostly physics) timeline ... crystal shapes ... salt size (V = A×H)
nucleus inside, electrons outside: Rutherford, Bohr, Pauli ... structure models ... isotope notation: mass#charge#Name(ion)
strong nuclear Force ⇒ PE graph vs Z ; Energy from small nuclei fusion or big nuclei fission (min ≈ Ni or Fe)
proton repulsion => nuclei "padded" with N ~ Z neutrons ... pairs for stability ... see isotope chart
decay reactions: alpha ( 42α ) , beta ( 0−1β ) decay
positron ( 0+1e+ ) emission & electron capture reactions
neutron stack => β− decay followed by gamma (γ) emission
|
pretend "half-life" for dice ... realistic illuminated graph example
real background radiation (Cosmic Ray, C-14, K-40) counts using Geiger tube ... uncertainty ± √N
137Cs cow → 137Ba* , milked for gamma decay counting
: graph data , extract half-life
radioactive dating examples ; nuclear Energy: PE vs. A graph)
average mass for a mole of sample atoms ... 2-isotope examples
... isotope fraction detail link => average element (atomic) masses
|
| Mar.08 |
... electron "clouds" rather than "orbits"
numbered electron clouds => e− energy levels [shells] (sodium cartoon)
. . . fill from center outward ; inner layers "compress" => periodic table rows: gases, ices, rocks, metals
orbital subshells [blocks] fill "lower angular momentum" first
. . . => column groups (see table)
periodic trends ( see table ) => electronegativity trends (see table )
|
Quiz 4 ... grading key as pdf
electrons excited into higher-energy shells => light from atoms
electronegativity ... electron affinity
Δen > 1.7 ... higher en atom steals electron(s) ⇒ ions ... + ion attracts − ions => neutral molecule
Dalton's integers => how many atoms to satisfy a molecule
Δen < 1.7 => co-valent bonds share valence electrons
|
| Mar.15 |
Δen < 0.5 "non"polar bond
molecular mass (formula mass) for An Bm
Lewis dot diagrams for "compound ions" Ion Name Sheet
... Lewis dot diagrams for "octet" atoms ... and covalent hydrides
polar bond does not guarantee a polar molecule
mass/mole for complicated molecules
|
atoms with multiple valence options
"oxidation" (raising) and "reduction" (lowering) of valence
old-fashioned name endings
oxidizers (-ing agents) & reducers (-ing agents)
lemon battery
: concentration % by mass reminder
: concentration % by moles calculation
|
| Mar.22 |
Quiz 5 ... grading key as pdf
solute dissolves in solvent ... until saturated
ionic solute dissolves in polar solvent Solubility Rules for Ions
calculating mass % ... and grams solute per Liter solution
saturating a solution (activity)
|
=> electric current conduction w/ table salt (NaCl)
molarity: g/L ÷ grams/mole => mole/Liter
"solubility rules" table (polar solute dissolves in polar solvent)
dilutions using molarity
pH (and pOH) as acid (and base) concentrations
non-polar solute "insoluble" in polar solvent ...
|
| Mar.29 |
pH + pOH = 14 (at room Temp)
solubility by Temperature (solid/gas)
precipitates form crystals
hydrocarbon dissolves hydrocarbon
... "water-insoluble" glue (activity)
soap and detergent ... polar head, hydrocarbon tail
| Quiz 6 ... grading key as pdf
:
begin Unit 3: Chemical reactions
:
:
Unit 2 Exam Tue
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